Упражнения по английскому языку. CAUSITIVE FORM TO HAVE SOMETHING DONE

Causative form в английском языке представлена следующими конструкциями

have something done (дословно – иметь что-то сделанным для себя же)
have someone do something (заставить кого-то что-то сделать для вас)

HAVE SMTH DONE

Мы используем выражение have + object + past participle (have something done) чтобы описать услугу, которую нам оказали, или какое-то неприятное событие, которое с нами произошло в тех случаях, когда действие производим не мы, но направленно оно на нас или на нашу собственность.

Например:

I had my car stolen – У меня украли машину.

We had the roof repaired last year. – Нам починили крышу в прошлом году.

Не has had his application turned down – Eго заявление отклонили.

My girlfriend has her letter published in the Times – Письмо моей девушки напечатали в Таймс.

В качестве подлежащего в таком предложении будет выступать человек, на которого направленно действие, либо лицо, на чью собственность направлено действие. Такая конструкция в английском языке используется довольно часто.

Обратите внимание, в устной речи выражение часто употребляется с get вместо have без изменения в значении.

We have our fence pulled down = We get our fence pulled down.

Как использовать выражение have something done?

Causative form have something done можно использовать в любом времени. При этом меняется только глагол to have. Давайте рассмотрим на примере предложения We have the office cleaned (В нашем офисе провели уборку)

	We have the office cleaned
	We had the office cleaned
	We will have the office cleaned
Present Continuous	We are having the office cleaned
	We were having the office cleaned
Future Continuous	We will be having the office cleaned
	We have had the office cleaned
	We had had the office cleaned
	We will have had the office cleaned
Present Perfect Continuous	We have been having the office cleaned
Past Perfect Continuous	We had been having the office cleaned
Future Perfect Continuous	We will have been having the office cleaned

Конечно, все формы Perfect Continuous и форма Future Perfect практически не используются в устной речи, так как слишком перегружены .

HAVE SMB DO SMTH

Вторая возможная форма Causative – have someone do something. Это выражение более характерно . Оно означает, что вы заставили / попросили кого-либо что-то для вас сделать.

Например:

I will have the waiter bring you the menu. – Я попрошу официанта принести тебе меню.

I had my assistant type the report. – Я попросил помощника напечатать отчет.

В Британии вместо have часто говорят get, как и в случае с выражением have / get something done. Однако, при использовании get, выражение будет вида get someone to do something (появляется частица to).

I will get the waiter to bring you the menu.

I got my assistant to type the report.

Таким образом, causative в английском языке представлен следующими конструкциями:

Have someone do something
Get someone to do something.

Упражнения на Causative form с ответами.

Давайте немного попрактикуемся.

Упражнение 1. Complete the sentences using the correct form of “to have something done”

The Smiths ___________ the roof _______________ last year. (repair)
Molly ______________ the room ____________________ next month. (decorate)
You should ___________ your eyes ___________ regularly. (test)
We ___________ the television _________________ only last year! (repair)
________ you ____________ your car ______________ regularly? (service)
How often ___________ you _____________ your windows _____________? (clean)
We _________________ the office _________________ every evening. (clean)
Our neighbors __________________ a new garage ______________ at the moment (build)

Упражнение 2. Write down the sentences using the correct causative form. Use a modal verb where appropriate.

Bob must/ really / the heating / fix. Winter is coming soon.
She / her hair / dye blonde yesterday.
They / the rooms / paint at the moment.
After Alex / the sleeves / shorten, the blazer fit him perfectly.
Instead of buying a new car, why / you / not / your old one / fix / ?
What are those workmen doing in your garden? – Oh, we / a garage / build
They / not / their TV / fix / yet
Her coffee maker was broken. Now it’s working again. She / it /repair

Упражнение 3. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

Someone cut Kate’s hair at 13.30 pm.

Kate ……………………………………………………

The mechanic is changing Peter’s car battery.

Peter ………………………………………………...

My mother ………………………………………...

Someone checks Henry’s guitar after every show.

Henry ……………………………………………………

I ……………………………………………………………………

Упражнение 3. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING

The mechanic changes Peter’s car battery yearly.

Peter ………………………………………………...

The hairdresser dyed my mother’s hair last Saturday.

My mother ………………………………………...

The assistant checks Henry’s guitar after every show.

Henry ……………………………………………………

The dentist checks my teeth once a year.

I ……………………………………………………………………

Ответы:

The Smiths had the roof repaired last year.
Molly is going to have/is having the room decorated next month.
You should have your eyes tested regularly.
We had the television repaired only last year!
Do you have your car serviced regularly?
How often do you have your windows cleaned?
We have the office cleaned every evening.
Our neighbors are having a new garage built at the moment.

Bob really must have the heating fixed.
She had her hair dyed blonde yesterday
They are having the rooms painted at the moment
After Alex had had the sleeves shortened, the blazer fit him perfectly.
Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you have your old one fixed?
We are having a garage built.
They have not had their TV fixed yet.

Kate had her hair cut at 13.30 pm.
Peter is having his car battery changed.
My mother had her hair dyed last Saturday.
Henry has his guitar checked after every show.
I have my teeth checked once a year.

Peter has the mechanic change his car battery yearly.
My mother had the hairdresser dye her hair last Saturday.
Henry has his assistant check his guitar after every show.
I have the dentist check my teeth once a year.

Надеюсь, правила и упражнения помогли Вам разобраться в теме causative forms.

CAUSITIVE FORM

TO HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1. Rewrite the following passages in the active or passive,

accordingly.

A Rosemary Hills train station was built by Sean Carlton and his wife Sharon in 1894. For the construction of the waiting room, the Carltons had imported red brick from England. The President himself opened the station in 1896. That year, a steam locomotive visited Rosemary Hills for the first time. It was pumping clouds of white smoke and whistling loudly enough to be heard by all the townspeople.

B The news reporter announced that the police are looking for a man who broke into the National Bank. The thief cut the wires of the alarm and then broke into the bank"s city centre branch some time late last night. The thief stole £500,000 from the bank. The police are searching the city centre as they believe the thief is still in the area.

2. Rewrite these sentences using have + object + past participle (have something done) and changing some words if necessary.

Example: Someone delivers the newspapers. (We)

We have the newspapers delivered.

Someone cleaned the carpets every year. (I)

I had the carpets cleaned every year.

Their house needs painting. (They"re going to)

They"re going to have their house painted.

1. We ask someone to check the accounts every month. (We)

2. Someone sends the money to my bank account in London. (I)

3. My stereo isn"t working properly. It needs cleaning. (I"m going to)

4. My camera"s being repaired at the moment. (I"m)

5. He spilt coffee on my jacket so he took it away for cleaning. (He spilt coffee on my jacket so he)

6. I think it"s time to service the car. (It"s time to)

7. I don"t like the office curtains. It"s time to change them. (I think I"ll)

8. There"s something wrong with the typewriter. It needs repairing. (I think I"ll)

9. The computer"s no good: we"re changing it. (We)

10. I send the films to England: they are processed there. (I)

3. Rewrite the sentences using have something done.

Example: The money was deposited in his bank account by the company.

He had the money deposited in his bank account.

1. Sarah"s new fridge will be delivered tomorrow.

2. Tim"s car was serviced last week.

3. Mrs Scott"s cat was examined by the vet yesterday.

4. Paul"s house will be painted next weekend.

5. Mr Brown"s book has just been published.

6. Becky"s hair is done every week.

7. Edward"s dinner was cooked by his mother yesterday.

9. My eyes are tested by the optician.

10. Somebody stole my car last weekend.

4. Rewrite the sentences using have something done.

Example: My windows are cleaned twice a month.

I have my windows cleaned twice a month.

1. The star"s latest film has just been released.

2. Their swimming pool will be drained.

3. The carpets must be laid in our flat by Monday.

4. The brakes on my bicycle have been oiled.

5. Our desks are being painted at the moment.

6. Her bookcase was delivered last week.

7. A new computer has been ordered for me.

8. Annie"s sculptures are going to be exhibited tomorrow.

9. A skateboard was being made for Tim.

10. He told the student to clean the board.

Мы часто сталкиваемся с ситуациями, когда объектом действия становимся либо мы сами, либо наши вещи. Например, нам делают прическу, красят ногти или что-то чинят. Рассказать обо всех этих ситуациях на английском можно с помощью одного простого выражения – have something done .

Употребление конструкции have something done

Начнем с того, что рассмотрим два основных случая, при которых используется эта конструкция:

Речь идет об услуге, которую вам оказали по просьбе или за деньги.
Представьте, что вам сделали операцию в клинике. Она прошла успешно, вы остались довольны и теперь рассказываете об этом знакомому:

I had my surgery done in a very good clinic. – Я сделала операцию в очень хорошей клинике.

Had my surgery done указывает на то, что вы не сами себя прооперировали, а это сделал врач.

She had her window repaired after the storm. – Она починила окно после грозы.

Had her window repaired указывает на то, что она наняла кого-то, кто сделал это за нее.
С вами случилось что-то плохое.
She had her store robbed last night. – Ее магазин обокрали прошлым вечером.

We had all our money stolen. – У нас украли все деньги.

В разговорном английском вместо have возможно употребление глагола get .

When will you get your hair done? – Когда тебе сделают прическу?

I have to pay to get this program installed. – Я должен заплатить, чтобы мне установили эту программу.

Схема образования предложений с конструкцией have something done

Утверждение

Подлежащее + have /has ed или V3 .

Alice has all her clothes made at the dressmaking shop. – Элис всю свою одежду шьет в ателье.

Frank has his room cleaned twice a week. – Комнату Фрэнка убирают дважды в неделю.

Отрицание

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол с частицей not + have + предмет или лицо, над которым совершается действие + глагол с окончанием -ed или V3 .

Alice doesn’t have all her clothes made at the dressmaking shop. – Элис не шьет всю свою одежду в ателье.

Frank doesn’t have his room cleaned twice a week. – Комнату Фрэнка не убирают дважды в неделю.

Вопрос

Вспомогательный глагол + подлежащее + have + предмет или лицо, над которым совершается действие + глагол с окончанием -ed или V3 .

Does Alice have all her clothes made at the dressmaking shop? – Элис всю свою одежду шьет в ателье?

Does Frank have his room cleaned twice a week? – Комнату Фрэнка убирают дважды в неделю?

Примеры употребления конструкции have something done

Выражение have something done может употребляться в любом времени, а также с оборотом going to , модальными глаголами и т. д. Во всех случаях меняется только глагол to have . Вторая часть оборота остается неизменной.

Время	Утверждение	Отрицание	Вопрос
Present Simple	He has his eyes tested once a year . Он проверяет зрение раз в год.	He doesn’t have his eyes tested once a year . Он не проверяет зрение раз в год.	Does he have his eyes tested once a year ? Он проверяет зрение раз в год?
Present Continuous	He is having his eyes tested now . Он проверяет зрение сейчас.	He is not having his eyes tested now . Он не проверяет зрение сейчас.	Is he having his eyes tested now ? Он проверяет зрение сейчас?
Present Perfect	He has already had his eyes tested . Он уже проверил зрение.	He hasn’t had his eyes tested yet . Он еще не проверил зрение.	Has he already had his eyes tested ? Он уже проверил зрение?
Present Perfect Continuous	He has been having his eyes tested for 20 minutes . Он проверяет зрение в течение 20 минут.	He hasn’t been having his eyes tested for a few months . Он не проверяет зрение уже несколько месяцев.	Has he been having his eyes tested for these few months ? Он проверяет зрение в течение этих месяцев?
Past Simple	He had his eyes tested 2 weeks ago . Он проверил зрение 2 недели назад.	He didn’t have his eyes tested 2 weeks ago . Он не проверил зрение 2 недели назад.	Did he have his eyes tested 2 weeks ago ? Он проверил зрение 2 недели назад?
Past Continuous	He was having his eyes tested while I was having my blood pressure taken . Он проверял зрение, пока мне измеряли давление.	He wasn’t having his eyes tested while I was having my blood pressure taken . Он не проверял зрение, пока мне измеряли давление.	Was he having his eyes tested while I was having my blood pressure taken ? Он проверял зрение, пока мне измеряли давление?
Past Perfect	He had had his eyes tested before he bought the glasses . Он проверил зрение, прежде чем купить очки.	He hadn’t had his eyes tested before he bought the glasses . Он не проверил зрение, прежде чем купить очки.	Had he had his eyes tested before he bought the glasses ? Он проверил зрение, прежде чем купить очки?
Past Perfect Continuous	He had been having his eyes tested for 20 minutes, when the other doctor came . Он проверял зрение на протяжении 20 минут, когда пришел другой врач.	When the other doctor came, he hadn’t been having his eyes tested . Когда пришел другой врач, он не проверял зрение.	Had he been having his eyes tested, when the other doctor came ? Он проверял зрение, когда пришел другой врач?
Future Simple	He will have his eyes tested . Он проверит зрение.	He won’t have his eyes tested . Он не проверит зрение.	Will he have his eyes tested ? Он проверит зрение?
Future Continuous	He will be having his eyes tested tomorrow at 7 o’clock . Он будет проверять зрение завтра в 7 часов.	He will not be having his eyes tested tomorrow at 7 o’clock . Он не будет проверять зрение завтра в 7 часов.	Will he be having his eyes tested tomorrow at 7 o’clock ? Он будет проверять зрение завтра в 7 часов?
Future Perfect	He will have had his eyes tested by this time tomorrow . Он уже проверит зрение к этому времени завтра.	He will not have had his eyes tested by this time tomorrow . Он не проверит зрение к этому времени завтра.	Will he have had his eyes tested by this time tomorrow ? Он проверит зрение к этому времени завтра?
Future Perfect Continuous	He will have been having his eyes tested for 20 minutes by the time you come tomorrow . Он будет проверять зрение в течение 20 минут к тому моменту, когда ты придешь завтра.	He will not have been having his eyes tested, when you come tomorrow . Он не будет проверять зрение к тому моменту, когда ты придешь завтра.	Will he have been having his eyes tested, when you come tomorrow ? Он будет проверять зрение, когда ты придешь завтра?
С оборотом going to	He is going to have his eyes tested . Он собирается проверить зрение.	He is not going to have his eyes tested . Он не собирается проверять зрение.	Is he going to have his eyes tested ? Он собирается проверить зрение?
С модальными глаголами	We must have our washing machine repaired . Нам нужно починить стиральную машинку.	We mustn’t have our washing machine repaired . Нам не нужно чинить стиральную машинку.	Must we have our washing machine repaired ? Нам нужно чинить стиральную машинку?
С выражениями, которые требуют после себя глагол с окончанием -ing	It’s worth having your cellphone repaired . Твой телефон стоит починить.	It’s not worth having your cellphone repaired . Твой телефон не стоит чинить.	Is it worth having your cellphone repaired ? Твой телефон стоит чинить?

Вот и все, что необходимо знать для грамотного использования конструкции have something done . Чтобы повторить новый материал, посмотрите видео, в котором житель Северной Каролины на понятном английском объясняет эту тему.

Выражение have something done употребляется довольно часто. Мы надеемся, что теперь вы без проблем сможете рассказать о своей новой суперстрижке или о хорошем сервисе в ресторане. Для этого скачайте таблицу-шпаргалку.

(*.pdf, 200 Кб)

А для того чтобы закрепить теорию на практике, предлагаем пройти наш тест.

Тест

Выражение have something done в английском языке

В английском языке есть интересная конструкция, которая состоит из глагола have, дополнения и прошедшего причастия (третьей формы глагола). Другое ее название – passive causative. Мы используем have something done, когда действие совершаются не самим подлежащим, а другим лицом.

Рассмотрим употребление этой конструкции на примерах.

Пример 1:

My hair is too long. I need to have it cut. У меня отросли волосы. Мне нужно подстричься.

В этом предложении речь идет не о том, чтобы самому подстричь волосы, а о стрижке у парикмахера или стилиста.

Пример 2:

My back was sore yesterday, so I had it massaged. Вчера у меня болела спина, поэтому мне сделали массаж.

В данном случае действие было выполнено не подлежащим, а другим человеком, профессиональным массажистом.

Как мы видим из первых двух примеров, лицо, которое оказывает услугу (парикмахер или массажист), может опускаться, поскольку это очевидно из контекста. Если же нужно указать деятеля, то используется конструкция с предлогом by и существительным (by+agent).

My car has broken down. I need to have it fixed by a mechanic. У меня сломалась машина. Мне нужно ее отремонтировать в автосервисе.

We had the tickets delivered by a special courier. Наши билеты были доставлены специальным курьером.

He has his suits made by the most expensive tailor in town. Он заказывает костюмы у самого дорогого портного в городе.

Важно помнить о порядке слов: прошедшее причастие (fixed, delivered, made) стоит после дополнения (it, tickets, suits).

В такой же конструкции может употребляться глагол get, особенно в разговорном английском, значение при этом не меняется.

I have a toothache. I will get it checked out by the dentist. У меня болят зубы. Я покажусь стоматологу.

I got my guitar tuned yesterday. Вчера мне настроили гитару.

Дополнительные примеры с конструкцией have something done

Глагол have может стоять в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени, в зависимости от контекста.

Present Simple: подлежащее + has/have + дополнение + третья форма глагола

Present Continuous: подлежащее + am/is/are having + дополнение + третья форма глагола

Present Perfect: подлежащее + has/have had + дополнение + третья форма глагола

Past Simple: подлежащее + had + дополнение + третья форма глагола

Future Simple: подлежащее + will have + дополнение + третья форма глагола

Going to: подлежащее + am/is/are going to have + дополнение + третья форма глагола

Еще примеры с конструкцией have something done:

I have my eyes tested once a year. Я проверяю зрение раз в год.

She’s having her hair dyed. Ей красят волосы (сейчас).

They have just had a garage built. Им только что построили гараж.

We had champagne brought to our room. Нам принесли шампанское в номер.

Kate is going to have his bike repaired. Кейт собирается отдать свой велосипед в ремонт.

HAVE SMTH. DONE.

I. Answer the questions.

Eg. “Did Ann make her dress herself?” “No, she had it made.”

1. “Did you cut your hair yourself?” “No, I…” 2. “Did they paint their house themselves?” 3. “Did Jim cut down that tree himself?” 4. “Did sue repair the car herself?” 5. “Did you tune the piano yourself?”

II.Complete the sentences using the words in brackets.

Eg. We (the house/paint) at the moment.

We are having the house at the moment.

1. (you/ your hair /cut) last week? 2. Your hair is too long. I think your should (it/cut). 3. How often you (your /car/ service). 4. The engine in Tom’s car couldn’t be repaired, so he had to (a new engine/ fit)

5. A: What are those workmen doing in your garden? B: Oh, I (a swimming pool/ build) 6. Is it true that many years ago he (his portrait/paint) by a famous artist? 7. (you/your newspaper/ deliver) or do you go to the shop to buy it? 8. Are you going to (these shoes repair)? 9. I must (my glasses/ mend). 10. Where do you (your hair/do)? 11. Peter (his flat /burgle) while he was out at work. 12. The Woods (the roof of their house/ damage) in a storm. 13. Lynne (the radio/ steal) from her car.

14. My brother (his/nose/break) in a football match. 15. Fred (his hat/blow off) in the wind.

III. Rewrite the sentences.

1. Someone delivers the newspapers. (We). 2 Someone cleaned the carpet (I). 3. Their house needs (They’re going to) 4. We ask someone to check the accounts every month. (We). 5. Someone sends some money to my account in London. 6 My stereo isn’t working properly. (I’m going to).7. My camera isn’t repairing now. (I). 8. I think it’s time to service the car. (It’s time to). 9. I don’t like the office curtains. It’s time to change them. (I think I’ll) 10. It’s something wrong with my typewriter. It needs repairing. (I think I’ll)

11. We couldn’t go to Jack’s flat. It’s being painted. (Jack) 12. The computer’s no good, we’re changing it. (We). 13. I send the films to England: they are processed there. (I).

IV. Change the sentences.

1. There’s a photographer over there. Why don’t we ask her to take our picture? 2. I think there’s a leak in the roof. We should arrange for someone to repair it. 3. Do you know what time is it? I’m afraid someone hasn’t repaired my watch yet. 4. Someone is going to redecorate our room for us next month. 5. If I were you I’d ask someone to cut that tree down. 6. I’m having some a bit of troubles with my eyes so someone is going to test them next week. 7. I love someone messaging my shoulders. 8. The dentist hasn’t checked my teeth yet. 9The baby was crying when I arrived because someone was washing her hair. 10. I didn’t recognize her at first because someone had cut her hair. 11. He looks much younger. I think someone has dyed his hair. 12. I don’t know if I‘ve passed my test because the tutor haven/t marked my work yet.

V. Translate.

1. Как часто вы подстригаетесь? 2. Мне необходимо срочно отремонтировать часы. 3. Нам отремонтировали дом до того, как мы уехали на юг. 4. Я хочу, чтобы эти документы напечатали как можно скорее. 5. Мне только что вырвали зуб. 6. Когда вы оклеили комнату? (paper) 7. Я не починил вчера часы. 8. Вам уже побелили потолок? (waterwash). 9. Где вам шили платье? 10. Когда вы настроите пианино? (tune) 11. Когда вам построили гараж? 12. У него вчера украли бумажник. 13. Я хочу, чтобы мне погладили костюм. 14. Вам необходимо подстричься.